Skip to main content

The Defnition of Maintenance 4.0

Maintenance 4.0 is the application of Industry 4.0 to operations and maintenance (O&M) activities. The goal is simple: To maximize production uptime by eliminating unplanned, reactive maintenance. Let’s look at a simplistic depiction of common O&M work streams.

Figure 1 shows a graph depicting the activities that occur after an industrial asset unexpectedly fails.

 

Figure 1: O&M work streams in Industry 3.0 vs Industry 4.0

Once the failure event occurs and is reported, a series of activities occurs. First, repair crews are assigned and then travel to the worksite where they receive repair instructions. Parts must be ordered and transported to the site.

Typically, root cause analysis (RCA) is performed and valuable time expended on identifying it. Working under pressure to resume production, work crews engage in trial and error activities to identify the cause of the failure. After repairs and an inspection, production resumes.

Maintenance 4.0 brings artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to the production line. Instead of waiting for the equipment to fail, sophisticated algorithms are applied to big data from embedded sensors in the equipment. The algorithms are trained to identify correlated patterns of anomalous machine behavior and warn of evolving machine failure.

 


Figure 2: Core elements of Maintenance 4.0 (Source: Presenso).


 Figure 3: Cost comparison for storage, bandwidth and computing from 1991 to 2019 (Source: Deloitte Consulting)

Within Maintenance 4.0, AI-driven industrial analytics is the game changer.
Until recently, machine learning was a study confined mostly to academia. A confluence of multiple factors has lowered the cost of data transportation, bandwidth, storage and analysis. For example, data storage has fallen from five hundred and sixty-nine dollars per gigabyte in the early 1990s to less than one cent today.

 

Figure 4: Detection of evolving failures using machine learning (Source: Presenso)

 


Figure 1-5: Reactive maintenance processes (Source: Presenso)

As a result of the cost decline, machine learning can now be applied to vast amounts of sensor-generated big data that can be analyzed in real time.

The first component of Maintenance 4.0 is that while the failure is evolving, repairs can be scheduled and parts ordered. Tracing the failure to the original root cause eliminates guesswork and trial and error.

With Maintenance 4.0, machine uptime can be maintained while all non-repair activities are executed.

The second component of Maintenance 4.0 is the adoption of a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) and automated workflows. Although a CMMS is not new, until now, its implementation has not been considered of strategic importance.

The third element of Maintenance 4.0 is the use of robotics and drones for inspections and repair activities.

In 2018, research was conducted to gain insight into industrial plants’ plans for the adoption of Maintenance 4.0. Figure 6 shows the results of that study.

Figure 6: Survey results regarding industrial plants’ plans for Maintenance 4.0 (Source: Emory University and Presenso)


Source:  https://industrial-ai.skf.com/the-maintenance-4-0-implementation-handbook-2/

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

DRY GAS SEALS: How to Implement Proactive Monitoring

BY MICHAEL FORSTHOFFER. In the last 10+ years there has been a significant increase in the technology and instrumentation used on dry gas seal systems to monitor the condition of the seals. Most notable has been the call to monitor secondary seal condition – there have been significant failures of the secondary seal without any issue with the primary seal. The majority of these failures have been due to oil migration across the separation seals. As the oil is not drained out, it accumulates around the secondary seal, fills the grooves, and causes the secondary seal faces to contact. There are various approaches to monitoring secondary seal condition. Probably the most beneficial is utilizing a back pressure control valve in the primary vent (Figure). Figure: Using a back pressure control valve in the primary vent as part of the monitoring of secondary seal condition in a dry gas seal. This sets the primary vent at a pressure below the primary seal gas supply pressure, but high en...

How to clean superalloy parts? brazing technique removes oxides in deep, narrow cracks

Investment cast parts used in modern gas turbines are made of expensive superalloys that can withstand extreme thermal, mechanical and chemical loads experienced by hot gas path components. Parts with hundreds of thousands of service hours, however, become severely oxidized. To improve efficiency and reduce the risk of unscheduled outages, these parts must either be periodically refurbished using a brazing repair process or replaced. To facilitate brazing repair, all oxidation, sulfidation and hot corrosion must be removed from surfaces, cooling passages and deep, narrow cracks. Oxide scale typically forms on the mating faces of cracks that occur in hot gas path areas. These cracks become packed full of scale. It is the goal of the service shop to repair these components by filling the cracks with a braze alloy. Unfortunately, braze alloy cannot flow into cracks filled with oxide scale. Figure 1: By varying the pressure between positive, negative, and atmospheric levels, the Dynamic FI...

Understanding the Types of Maintenance and Choosing the Right Strategy

This article provides an overview of the nine main types of maintenance, ranging from preventive to corrective maintenance and everything in between. Although specific terminology may vary, it's important to ensure that everyone is talking about the same thing and that the underlying principles are clear. Whether you refer to it as condition-based maintenance or predictive maintenance, what matters most is that we can have a meaningful conversation about when and how to use it. As such, this article also explores the appropriate applications of condition-based maintenance. Many people have questions about the different types of maintenance, so this quick overview provides a helpful starting point: There are nine distinct types of maintenance, which can be classified into two main categories: Preventive Maintenance and Corrective Maintenance.   Preventive Maintenance is performed proactively before any equipment failure occurs. This category encompasses: Time-Based Maintenance (TBM)...

Failures in babbit bearings

  There are literally dozens of ways bearings can fail. Some of the more common include: • Babbitt fatigue • Babbitt wiping due to rotor to stator contact • Babbitt flow due to high operating temperatures • Foreign particle damage • Varnish build-up • Electrostatic discharge damage (frosting) • Electromagnetic discharge damage (Spark tracks) • Oil “burn” or additive plating due to high temperatures • Loss of bond between babbitt and base metal • Chemical attack • Pivot wear in tilting pad bearings • Unloaded pad flutter • Cavitation damage This is taken from a paper, Babbitted bearing health assessment" by John Whalen of John Crane, Thomas Hess of Rotating Machinery Group, Jim Allen of Nova Chemicals Corporation and Jack Craighton of Schneider Electric. Babbitt fatigue Babbitt fatigue is caused by dynamic loads on the babbitt surface. Typically in bearings of this type, the dynamic loads are caused by vibration and result in peak film pressure fluct...

Grounding brush discharge monitoring

In recognition of the possibility of static charge build up in condensing steam turbines, API 612 (2005) specifies that grounding brushes be installed. The electrical flow to ground through these brushes  be monitored and useful information can be extracted. This article carries excerpts from the paper, “Babbitted bearing health assessment” by John K Whalen of John Crane, Thomas D Hess of Chestnut Run, Jim Allen of Nova Chemicals and Jack Craighton of Schneider Electric. Grounding brushes take current from the rotor to ground so that a charge does not build up on the rotor to the point where it discharges to ground though the best path possible – which is usually the closest point between the rotor and stator which is usually (hopefully) the point of minimum film thickness in a bearing. Typically this point of minimum film thickness is found in the active thrust bearing (as will be shown later). Shaft grounding brushes serve two purposes. The brushes are able to transmit modest amo...